A CBCT-BASED STUDY ON THE OCCURRENCE AND ANATOMICAL VARIATIONS OF C-SHAPED CANALS IN LOWER SECOND MOLARS

Abstract

Objective: This study aims to determine the prevalence and anatomical characteristics of C-shaped canal configurations in mandibular second molars using cone-beam computed tomography in a Pakistani population.

Methodology: This CBCT-based cross-sectional study was conducted using scans obtained from patients presenting to dental imaging center. Mandibular second molars were evaluated for the presence of C-shaped canal configurations. Morphological parameters were assessed, and data were analyzed descriptively.

Results: Out of the evaluated mandibular second molars, 58 teeth exhibited a C-shaped canal configuration, yielding a prevalence of 26.36%. Bilateral occurrence was observed in 89.7% of cases. Radiographically, all teeth demonstrated fused roots. The C3 configuration was the most prevalent canal pattern. The mean total tooth length was 17.93 ± 2.20 mm. Longitudinal grooves were present on both buccal and lingual surfaces in 29.3% of cases, with the mean lingual groove length exceeding the buccal groove length. A long root trunk was observed in 24.1% of teeth, with a mean trunk length of 2.9 ± 0.5 mm. The mean thinnest dentin thickness was 1.39 ± 0.54 mm, most frequently located on the buccal surface.

Conclusion: C-shaped canal configurations in mandibular second molars were relatively common in the studied population, with a high rate of bilateral occurrence and considerable anatomical complexity. CBCT proved to be a valuable tool for detailed assessment of canal morphology, emphasizing the importance of careful preoperative evaluation to minimize procedural complications during endodontic treatment.